After the world's first SIP video clients for Android and iOS (early
2009) we are proud to present sipML5 Project.
sipML5 is the world's first open source HTML5 SIP client entirely
written in javascript for integration in social networks (FaceBook,
Twitter, Google+), online games, e-commerce websites... No extension,
plugin or gateway is needed. The media stack rely on WebRTC project.
The client can be used to connect to any SIP or IMS network from your
preferred browser to make and receive audio/video calls and instant
messages.
Short but not exhaustive list of supported features:
Audio / Video call
Instant messaging
Presence
Call Hold / Resume
Explicit Call transfer
Multi-line and multi-account
Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) using SIP INFO
We are proud to announce the availability of the first alpha release of iDoubs for MAC OS X 10.6+ (Snow Leopard).
This alpha release (1.0.0) comes with many features:- IPv4 and IPv6 - UPD, TCP and TLS transports - Audio codecs: G.722 HD audio, Speex, and G.711 - High quality audio: AEC (based on WebRTC), Noise suppression, Adaptive jitter buffer ... - Video codecs: VP8, H.264, H.263 and MP4V-ES - Multiline calls - Hold/Resume - Media update - …and many other features
We are proud to announce the availability of the first alpha release of OpenVCS. OpenVCS stands for Open Source Video Conferencing Server and uses SIP (RFC 3261, 3GPP TS 24.229) protocol. OpenVCS is used as a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) manager. The application can managed any number of MCU (a.k.a Bridge) where each Bridge can support up to 64 participants.
The application can be used as a standalone SIP server or behind an IMS Core where each Bridge will be seen as an AS (Application Server). You can use any SIP compliant device to connect to a bridge as long as the client is RFC 3261 compliant. For example, you can use IMSDroid on Android, iDoubs on iOS (iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad), Boghe on Windows or Linphone/Bria on MAC OS X or Linux.
We are proud to announce the availability of the first fully featured open source IMS Client for Android devices (1.5 and later). The main purpose of the project (codename IMSDroid) is to exhibit doubango's features and to offer an IMS client to the open source community.
Video Call (H264, Theora, H.263, H.263-1998, H.261)
DTMF (RFC 4733)
QoS negotiation using Preconditions (RFC 3312, 4032 and 5027)
SIP Session Timers (RFC 4028)
Provisional Response Acknowledgments (PRACK)
Communication Hold (3GPP TS 24.610)
Message Waiting Indication (3GPP TS 24.606)
Calling E.164 numbers by using ENUM protocol (RFC 3761)
NAT Traversal using STUN2 (RFC 5389) with possibilities to automatically discover the server by using DNS SRV (TURN already implemented and ICE is under tests)
Many other features are supported by the underlying framework but not exposed to the user interface (in progress). For more information please refer to doubango website. These features include: IPv6, OMA Large IM Message (MSRP), File Transfer (MSRP), Image Sharing (IR.79), Video Sharing (IR.74), TLS and IPSec Security Agreement (RFC 3329), Proxy-CSCF discovery using DHCPv4/v6, TURN, ...
SDP stands for Session Description Protocol and has been specified by the IETF in RFC 4566. It was previously defined in RFC 2327, which is now obsolete.
In order to understand this post, the reader MUST have a basic knowledge of how SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) works and how sessions are setted up and teared down.
The goal of this post is to explain (Highlights) how to implement a robust SOA (SDP Offer/Answer) machine. This can apply to both basic SIP equipment and 3GPP NGN/IMS nodes with MMTel extensions.
Related RFCs (Highlights): 3261, 3262 (100rel; PRACK), 3264 (Offer/Answer model), 3311 (UPDATE), 3312 (Preconditions/QoS), 3960 (Early Media and Ringing Tone Generation) and draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12.
Alice
Bob
SDP Offer
SDP Answer
RFC
Callflow
Note
1- Basic Call
[[Alice ==> Bob]]
INVITE
2xx INVITE
3261
Alice sends the initial offer in the INVITE (or reINVITE if session is already established)
Bob's answer is sent in the 2xx INVITE response
If a reINVITE fails, the session parameters in effect prior to the reINVITE MUST remain unchanged
To reject the offer, Bob should send a 488 INVITE response with a warning header field indicating the reason. If this was a reINVITE, a failure response should not be sent if media has already been exchanged.
2- Bodiless INVITE (without 100rel extension)
[[Bob ==> Alice]]
ACK
2xx INVITE
3261
Alice sends initial INVITE without offer
Bob's offer is sent in the 2xx INVITE response
Alice's answer is sent in the ACK request
The initial INVITE has no SDP offer
As there is no offer in the initial offer, the first reliable non-failure message MUST have an Offer. As we suppose that 100rel extension is not supported then the offer MUST be in the 2xx response.
To reject /update the offer, Alice should first send her answer in the ACK response. Once the ACK is sent, Alice can send another offer or hangup the call.
3- Provisional response
[[Alice ==> Bob]]
INVITE
1xx-rel INVITE
3262
Alice sends the initial offer in the INVITE
Bob's answer is sent in the first reliable provisional response, in this case it's a 1xx response
Both clients MUST support 100rel extension
As the first realiable provisional response contains a SDP, and is the first to do so, then that SDP is the answer to the offer and cannot be updated in subsequent reliable responses (200 to 600).
If an unreliable response precedes a reliable response it's considered as a "preview" of the answer that will be coming, and hence may be treated like an answer until the actual one arrives.
To reject the offer, Bob should send a 488 INVITE response with a warning header field indicating the reason.
4- Bodiless INVITE (with 100rel extension)
[[Bob ==> ALice]]
PRACK
1xx-rel INVITE
3262
Alice sends an initial INVITE without offer
Bob's answer is sent in the first reliable provisional response, in this case it's a 1xx INVITE response
Alice's answer is sent in the PRACK response
Both clients MUST support 100rel extension
As there is no offer in the initial INVITE, the first reliable non-failure message MUST have an offer. As we suppose that 100rel extension is supported by both endpoints then the offer MUST be in the first 1xx-rel response.
To reject/update the offer, Alice should first send her answer in the PRACK request. Once the 2xx PRACK is received, Alice can send another offer (reINVITE or UPDATE) or hangup the session.
5- Two rounds
[[Alice ==> Bob]]
PRACK
200 PRACK
3262
Alice sends an initial INVITE with or without offer (case 3 or 4 respectively)
Bob's answer or offer (case 3 or 4 respectively) is sent in the first reliable provisional response
As the first provisional response contains a SDP then, Alice can send another offer in the PRACK request
Bob sends his second answer in the 200 PRACK
To reject/update the offer, Bob should first send his answer in the 200 PRACK response. Once the PRACK is sent, Bob can send another offer (reINVITE or UPDATE) or hangup the call.
6 – UPDATE
[[Alice ==> Bob]]
UPDATE
2xx UPDATE
3311
The initial offer/answer could be made by using any of the above use cases
Alice sends an UPDATE request with an offer to update the previous negociated SDP session
Bob's answer is included in the 2xx UPDATE
Both clients MUST support UPDATE
To reject the offer, Bob should send a 488 UPDATE response with a warning header field indicating the reason.In this case the session parameters in effect prior to the UPDATE MUST remain unchanged and the session is not teared down.
SDP
== SDP offer can be in:
Any reliable non-failure response (1xx-rel or 2xx),
INVITE, PRACK and ACK requests. PRACK request contains an offer only if the reliable response which it acknoledges contains an answer to the previous offer/answer exchange (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 2.1)
== In a SDP pmessage, some lines in each description are REQUIRED and some are OPTIONAL, but all MUST appear in exactly the order given in RFC 4566 subclause 5.
Generating an Answer
== SDP message in the unreliable responses to the INVITE request must be identical to the answer which is included in the reliable response. A session description in an unreliable response that precedes a reliable response can be considered a "preview" of the answer that will be coming, and hence may be treated like an answer until the actual one arrives (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.1).
== An offered stream MAY be rejected in the answer, for any reason. If a stream is rejected, the offerer and answerer MUST NOT generate media (or RTCP packets) for that stream. To reject an offered stream, the port number in the corresponding stream in the answer MUST be set to zero (RFC 3264 subclause 6).
== For each "m=" line in the offer, there MUST be a corresponding "m=" line in the answer. The answer MUST contain exactly the same number of "m=" lines as the offer. This allows for streams to be matched up based on their order. This implies that if the offer contained zero "m=" lines, the answer MUST contain zero "m=" lines (RFC 3264 subclause 6).
== UAS should send an SDP answer reliably (if possible) before it starts sending media. And, if neither the UAC nor the UAS support 100rel, the UAS should send a preview of the answer before it starts sending media (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.1).
== When a UAS has received an initial INVITE without an offer, it must include an offer in the first reliable response to the INVITE (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 5.2.2).
== The answer to an offered session description is based on the offered session description. If the answer is different from the offer in any way (different IP addresses, ports, etc.), the origin line MUST be different in the answer, since the answer is generated by a different entity. In that case, the version number in the "o=" line of the answer is unrelated to the version number in the o line of the offer (RFC 3264 subclause 6).
== The "t=" line in the answer MUST be equal that of the offer. The time of the session cannot be negotiated (RFC 3264 subcaluse 6).
== When a UAC does not include an SDP body in the INVITE request, it expects the offer to be received with the first reliable response.
== The UAC will send the answer in the request to acknowledge the response, i.e. PRACK or ACK request of the reliable response (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.1.2)
Modifying the Session
== Both the re-INVITE and UPDATE methods can be used in an established dialog to update the session (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.3).
== When both UAs support the 100rel extension, they can UPDATE the session in the early dialog once the first offer/answer exchange has been completed (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.2).
== When issuing an offer that modifies the session, the "o=" line of the new SDP MUST be identical to that in the previous SDP, except that the version in the origin field MUST increment by one from the previous SDP. If the version in the origin line does not increment, the SDP MUST be identical to the SDP with that version number. The answerer MUST be prepared to receive an offer that contains SDP with a version that has not changed; this is effectively a no-op. If the previous SDP had N "m=" lines, the new SDP (in the UPDATE or reINVITE) MUST have at least N "m=" lines. The i-th media stream in the previous SDP, counting from the top, matches the i-th media stream in the new SDP, counting from the top. (RFC 3264 subcaluse 8).
== New media streams are created by new additional media descriptions below the existing ones, or by reusing the "slot" used by an old media stream which had been disabled by setting its port to zero. Reusing its slot means that the new media description replaces the old one, but retains its positioning relative to other media descriptions in the SDP. New media descriptions MUST appear below any existing media sections (RFC 3264 subcaluse 8.1).
== Existing media streams are removed by creating a new SDP with the port number for that stream set to zero. The stream description MAY omit all attributes present previously, and MAY list just a single media format (RFC 3264 subclause 8.2).
== The list of media formats used in the session MAY be changed (RFC 3264 subcaluse 8.3.2).
== The Address, Port or Transport for a stream MAY be changed (RFC 3264 subclause 8.3.1).
== The media type (audio, video, etc.) for a stream MAY be changed (RFC 3264 subclause 8.3.3).
== Any other attributes in a media description MAY be updated in an offer or answer (RFC 3264 subclause 8.3.4).
== If a reINVITE fails, the session parameters in effect prior to the reINVITE MUST remain unchanged, as if no re-INVITE had been issued (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 3.4 which reference RFC 3261 section 14.1).
== At any time, either agent MAY generate a new offer that updates the session. However, it MUST NOT generate a new offer if it has received an offer which it has not yet answered or rejected. It MUST NOT generate a new offer if it has generated a prior offer for which it has not yet received an answer or a rejection (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 4).
Holding media
== "HOLD" should be indicated in an established session by sending a new offer containing "a=sendonly" for each media stream to be held. An answerer is then to respond with "a=recvonly" to acknowledge that the hold request has been understood (RFC 3264 subclause 5.1). That is, the directionality of the media stream has no impact on the RTCP usage.
If UA2 has previously been "placed on hold" by UA1, via receipt of "a=sendonly", then it may initiate its own hold by sending a new offer containing "a=sendonly" to UA1. Upon receipt of that, UA1 will answer with "a=inactive" because that is the only valid answer that reflects its desire not to receive media (draft-ietf-sipping-sip-offeranswer-12 subclause 5.3).
== An agent MUST be capable of receiving SDP with a connection address of 0.0.0.0, in which case it means that neither RTP nor RTCP should be sent to the peer (RFC 3264 subclause 8.4).
Indicating Capabilities
== An SDP constructed to indicate media capabilities is structured as follows (RFC 3264 subclause 9):
It MUST be a valid SDP, except that it MAY omit both "e=" and "p=" lines. The "t=" line MUST be equal to "0 0"
For each media type supported by the agent, there MUST be a corresponding media description of that type
The session ID in the origin field MUST be unique for each SDP constructed to indicate media capabilities
In this post I will explain how to compile, install and debug an Android native "C" application. If you are reading this post just because you have googled the magic keywords ("android" + "native code") then you should know that there is an easier way to build native applications using android makefiles ("Android.mk" and "Application.mk"). The method I'm describing here is only useful if you want to understand how things work in order to create more complexstandard GNUmakefiles. This is also useful if you would like to create your own GNU autotools wrappers to compile projects using GNU configure. I'm using Windows Vista as host machine but any other supported platforms (e.g. linux-x86 or darwin-x86) should work.
I have tested both the NDK (1.6) and SDK (2.1) on:
I have installed the SDK version 2.1 under c:/android-sdk (a.r.a /cygdrive/c/android-sdk). Add an environment variable named ANDROID_SDK_ROOT pointing to the SDK root directory.
Important: You should add "$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/tools" directoryto the $PATHenvironment variable. Under *nix:
export PATH=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/tools:$PATH
Under Cygwin: Open C:\Cygwin\Cygwin.bat and add:
set PATH=%ANDROID_SDK_TOOLS%;%PATH%
Installing Cygwin
If you are using Windows XP or Vista as host machine then you MUST install Cygwin Devel package with GNU Make (3.81 or later) before installing the NDK. It should also work with MinGW.
Installing the Android NDK
To download the latest Android NDK, visit this address http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/1.6_r1/index.html. I have uncompressed the NDK version 1.6 under c:/android-ndk (a.r.a /cygdrive/c/android-ndk). Add an environment variable named ANDROID_NDK_ROOT pointing to the NDK root directory. To install the NDK:
cd $ANDROID_NDK_ROOT build/host-setup.sh
If all is OK then the console will print Host setup complete.
To test that the toolchain has been correctly installed you can try to build the hello-jni sample which comes with the NDK by doing this:
cd $ANDROID_NDK_ROOT make -APP=hello-jni
If all is OK then the console will print:
Android NDK: Building for application 'hello-jni' Compile thumb : hello-jni <= sources/samples/hello-jni/hello-jni.c SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so Install : libhello-jni.so => apps/hello-jni/project/libs/armeabi
This mean that your native shared library (libhello-jni.so) have been successfully generated under $ANDROID_NDK_ROOT/apps/hello-jni/project/libs/armeabi folder.
Creating an AVD
AVD stands for Android Virtual Device and can be seen as a device profile (keyboard, dialing pad, skin, screen dimensions, appearance ...) to load into your emulator. You can create as many AVDs as you need. To create an AVD named "avdtest" targeting platform 2.1 (targetID=android-7):
android create avd -n avdtest -t android-7
If all is OK the console will print:
Created AVD 'avdtest' based on Android 2.1, with the following hardware config: hw.lcd.density=160
Create test.c
Here I will create a basic test.c file under C:\tmp with the following content:
#include <stdio.h>// printf
int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i = 1; i+=2; printf("Hello, world (i=%d)!\n", i);
return 0; }
Create makefile
Just create an empty file named makefile (without any extension) under C:\tmp (which is the same directory as test.c). Now We will fill the makefile step by step.
Add application name, $ROOT directory, install directory and the NDK platform version:
APP := test ROOT:=/cygdrive/c NDK_PLATFORM_VER := 1.5 INSTALL_DIR := /data/tmp
Add useful environment vars:
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT:=$(ROOT)/android-ndk ANDROID_NDK_HOST:=windows ANDROID_SDK_ROOT:=$(ROOT)/android-sdk PREBUILD:=$(ANDROID_NDK_ROOT)/build/prebuilt/$(ANDROID_NDK_HOST)/arm-eabi-4.2.1 BIN := $(PREBUILD)/bin
You MUST change ANDROID_NDK_HOST value from windows to linux-x86 if you are under*nixor darwin-x86 onMAC OS X.
To build the application, switch to the directory where you have created both files and then:
make
At the output of the console you will get many errorssaying that it's impossible to find stdlib.h, stdio.h etc etc. To resolve this issue, add the Bionic header files to $CFLAGS variable like this:
If you retry (make)you will now get this link error:
/cygdrive/c/android-ndk/build/platforms/android-1.5/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so: undefined reference to `dl_unwind_find_exidx'
To resolve this issue you MUST specify the first set of directories into which to search the system shared libraries (*.so) . This is done by adding the "-rpath-link" option to the link options like this:
/cygdrive/c/android-ndk/build/prebuilt/windows/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/../lib/gcc/arm -eabi/4.2.1/../../../../arm-eabi/bin/ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 000082c8
This is an Android known issue. You have this warning because the linker search "_start" as entry point. You can resolve this issue by renaming your main function. But the elegant way to resolve this issue is to specify the entry point in the link options like this:
Now When you retry (make) your application will successfully build without any errors or warnings.
Testing your application
Before testing your application you MUST run the emulator like this:
emulator -avd avdtest
where "avdtest" is the name of the previously created avd (see "creating an avd" section). To install the application on the emulator, open a new console and go to to directory where you have created test.c and makefile. Install your application on the emulator like this:
make install
If all is OK the console will print:
/cygdrive/c/android-sdk/tools/adb push test /data/tmp/test 304 KB/s (2493 bytes in 0.008s) /cygdrive/c/android-sdk/tools/adb shell chmod 777 /data/tmp/test
To run the application type:
make run
You will probably get an error message saying:
/cygdrive/c/android-sdk/tools/adb shell /data/tmp/test /data/tmp/test: not found
This error message is a bit confusing because if you browse the /data/tmp directory you will notice that the executable is here. The question is why? I spent hours searching and I found that this error happens because the loader fails to load the application because it cannot found a proper linker. To specify a search directory for the dynamic linker (at run time) you MUST change the link options like this:
Now rebuild and install your application (make clean && make && make install) then run it again (make run). The console will print the expected result ("hello, world (i=3)!") but just after we have an segmentation fault error ("[1] Segmentation fault /data/tmp/test"). To resolve this issue you can exit the program (exit(0);) just before the main function returns (return 0;). You should also include <stdlib.h>. If you retry the build&&run process (make clean && make && make install && make run) then you should have:
/cygdrive/c/android-sdk/tools/adb shell /data/tmp/test Hello, world (i=3)!
which is the expected result.
Debugging your application Before doing anything you MUST copy the gdbserver file to the emultor. This file is under $BIN ($ANDROID_NDK_ROOT/build/prebuilt/$ANDROID_NDK_HOST/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin). Copy gdbserver to the emulator like this:
note that only the server port is specified (no host). If all is OK the the server will print something like this:
Process /data/tmp/test created; pid = 246 Listening on port 1234
Now to debug our application we will change the makefile by adding a new debug target like this.
GDB_CLIENT := $(BIN)/arm-eabi-gdb
debug:
$(GDB_CLIENT) $(APP)
To launch the application in debug mode type "make debug" (after make clean && make && make install of course). If you do this, you will see a warning message saying that "no debugging symbols found". No symbols ==> no debug. To generate debug symbols you MUST change the makefile like this (should not be hard coded like this):
Now rebuild and install your application (make clean && make && make install) then run it again (make debug). This (make debug) should open gdb invite command((gdb)) on the same console. Connect to the server (from the same console) like this:
target remote :1234
Set a breakpoint on the main function and execute step by step (commands above are informational and you can use any gdb commands):
b main c n p i #$1 = 1 n #9 printf("Hello, world (i=%d)!\n", i); p i #$2 = 3 c #Program exited normally.
The final makefile and test.c files are shown below:
makefile
APP := test ROOT:=/cygdrive/c INSTALL_DIR := /data/tmp NDK_PLATFORM_VER := 1.5
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT:=$(ROOT)/android-ndk ANDROID_NDK_HOST:=windows ANDROID_SDK_ROOT:=$(ROOT)/android-sdk PREBUILD:=$(ANDROID_NDK_ROOT)/build/prebuilt/$(ANDROID_NDK_HOST)/arm-eabi-4.2.1 BIN := $(PREBUILD)/bin GDB_CLIENT := $(BIN)/arm-eabi-gdb
My name is Mamadou I. DIOP and I'm a telco engineer at Doubango Telecom
I'm specialized in NGN (3GPP, 3GPP2, TISPAN, Packet Cable, WiMax, GSMA, OMA, RCS, IETF ... standards).